Despite efforts to ease barriers and tamp down the gray market, Washington D.C.’s medical cannabis industry continues to experience uneven growth. New dispensaries are opening their doors, but cultivators and manufacturers are struggling to get off the ground.
More than 120 businesses applied for cultivation and manufacturing licenses last year, but none have opened yet, according to The Outlaw Report. Meanwhile, four new medical dispensaries have launched, with seven more licensed and preparing to open.
Zoning restrictions and real estate challenges have been major hurdles for would-be growers and producers, which is why D.C. officials recently made changes to district rules. In May, the Department of Buildings expanded zoning options for Type 1 medical manufacturers and cultivators, and last month, the D.C. Council passed emergency legislation to shutter stores selling illegal products and help with enforcement, in the same vein as New York’s crackdown.
The council also extended conditional license periods by one year.
Even so, only five businesses advanced to the next licensing stage since the zoning change, according to The Outlaw Report. That pans out to a success rate below 5%.
“Expanding the permissible zones does not necessarily equate to more real estate options for medical cannabis operators,” said Meredith Kinner, a lawyer at D.C. cannabis firm Kinner and McGowan. “Property owners still have to play ball.”
Bryan Jackson, who received a conditional cultivation license in 2023, recently halted his property search after two locations fell through.
“It was heart wrenching,” Jackson told the outlet, describing how investors pulled out after a last-minute $1 million price increase on one property.
However, not all industry players share the same concerns. Andras Kirschner, co-founder of District Cannabis, said his company has “meaningful excess supply that could support many new stores coming online in the coming months.” He added that the grower is also “shovel ready” to expand cultivation by 45,000 square feet.
In addition, two large cultivation centers that are entering the market are expected to have product available by late fall.
Recent data from the Alcoholic Beverage and Cannabis Administration shows the medical marijuana market is in contraction. Total cannabis sales in May dropped to $4.57 million, down 10% from April and 17% from last year’s May numbers. While dispensaries brought in $2.74 million, cultivation and manufacturing combined only reached $1.83 million, highlighting the production lag.
The medical market hasn’t sold more than 400 pounds per month since December 2023.
Moreover, with only 42% of the nearly 27,000 registered patients using dispensaries, questions about market penetration and competition from unlicensed sources are valid. Nearly 6,800 patient registrations are due to expire by the end of August, far outpacing new registrations.
The transition away from the gray market has been complicated by a unique legalization barrier: The city must get congressional approval to move forward with any legalization plan. But that’s not likely to happen anytime soon. President Biden’s recent budget plan maintains a longstanding provision blocking D.C. from allowing regulated recreational cannabis sales, despite voter approval in 2014.
Hundreds of businesses at one point set up dispensaries selling out-of-state underground market product throughout the city. Industry insiders estimated to Green Market Report that 1,000 to 1,500 gray “gifting” market businesses once operated in the district.
While the medical cannabis market expansion started in 2023 gave these shops a chance to transition to legal medical dispensaries, the majority chose not to do so. As of February, only 76 gray market dispensaries had applied for legal status, with just 26 taking further steps toward licensure.