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MDMA ‘Significantly Reduced’ Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms, New Research Concludes

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MDMA could be a safe and effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), according to a new study, with participants showing “significantly reduced” depression symptoms eight weeks after receiving two doses of the drug a month apart.

No serious adverse effects were reported among the 12 subjects in the study, says the report, published last month in the British Journal of Psychiatry.

While prior research on MDMA-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) has shown promising results for several conditions, authors wrote, most clinical trials have focused on PTSD rather than depression. But in at least one past clinical trial involving people with PTSD, they noted, those given MDMA “showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared with placebo.”

“This overlap suggests that the effects observed in PTSD may apply to subjects with MDD,” the new study says. “However, MDMA-AT therapy has not been studied as a treatment for individuals with a primary diagnosis of MDD.”

The new research looked at patients with a diagnosis of “single or recurrent episodes of MDD.” Subjects were excluded if they were pregnant or had psychotic disorders, mania, personality disorders, eating disorders with purging, substance use disorders or a host of other conditions.

Treatment involved two administrations of MDMA about four weeks apart, as well as follow-up phone calls and three 90-minute integration sessions. Dosage ranged from an 80-milligram dose at the first session to an offered 120-mg dose at the second session, with supplemental doses offered an hour to an hour and a half after the first dose.

Outcomes were measured through a standardized measure of depression symptoms, the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), as well as the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), which measures functional impairment.

The study notes that scores of depression “were significantly reduced post treatment compared with baseline,” while functional impairment scores also “significantly decreased.”

“We observed statistically significant improvements in both depression and functional impairment.”

“Consistent with previous studies of MDMA-AT for PTSD, we demonstrated both statistically and clinically significant reductions in the primary and secondary outcome measures of depression and functional impairment,” it says.

Researchers also “observed a statistically and clinically significant reduction in PTSD symptoms,” the paper says, though that was not one one of the main aims of the study.

Authors hesitated to draw sweeping conclusions about the drug’s efficacy at treating major depressive disorder, but they said their findings warrant further research.

“Although this small, uncontrolled trial cannot draw conclusions about the efficacy of MDMA-AT for MDD,” they wrote, “the findings suggest that MDMA-AT has potential as a treatment for MDD, and supports future randomised controlled trials.”

As for safety, the team concluded that MDMA can be safely administered to patients with MDD, at least under certain circumstances.

“With careful screening, assessment and psychotherapy throughout the study,” the report says,” we demonstrated that MDMA-AT can be safely administered to participants with MDD.”

“If demonstrated to be effective and safe in RCTs, MDMA-AT could represent a significant advancement in the treatment of MDD,” it adds, “offering an integrated approach where the drug is used several times to catalyse psychotherapy rather than being administered daily as is the case with antidepressants.”

The new report comes as interest continues to grow into the potential for MDMA, psychedelics and other controlled substances to treat certain mental health conditions, including PSTD and others.

A broad review published in the Journal of Psychedelic Studies last year, for example, found that five out of six studies into MDMA for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) “provide evidence for the apparent safety and efficacy” of the therapy. But while authors called the results “encouraging,” they said more robust research was needed before MDMA-assisted therapy sees widespread adoption over currently available forms of treatment.

That review came on the heels of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel’s recommended rejection of an application to authorize MDMA-assisted therapy. A group of bipartisan lawmakers and veterans advocates asked that officials rethink that guidance, but ultimately the rejection was made final.

As for other research into psychedelics and depression, a recent study of military veterans who attended psychedelics retreats concluded that psilocybin and ayahuasca both led to reductions in symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety as well as improved sleep, quality of life and post-deployment reintegration.

Meanwhile, the head of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) said in early July that he’s “particularly proud” of the administration’s work to promote research into psychedelics therapy, citing studies into substances like MDMA that show promising early results in the treatment of mental health conditions.

VA Secretary Doug Collins said the department does “some of the best research work and very specific research work,” noting that he recently visited a VA facility in New York City “discussing MDMA therapies, which have been phenomenal in working with those with PTSD and traumatic brain injuries—these other issues that we have.”

Collins’s visit to the psychedelics research center came about a month after the VA secretary met with a military veteran who’s become an advocate for psilocybin access to discuss the therapeutic potential of psychedelic medicine for the veteran community.

Collins also briefly raised the issue in a Cabinet meeting with President Donald Trump in April.

The secretary also disclosed in April that he had an “eye-opening” talk with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. about the therapeutic potential of psychedelic medicine. And Collins said he’s open to the idea of having the government provide vouchers to cover the costs of psychedelic therapy for veterans who receive services outside of VA as Congress considers pathways for access.

Kennedy said in June that his agency is “absolutely committed” to expanding research on the benefits of psychedelic therapy and, alongside of the head of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is aiming to provide legal access to such substances for military veterans “within 12 months.”

During a recent Senate committee hearing, Collins separately reiterated his commitment to exploring the efficacy of psychedelic therapy to address serious mental health conditions that commonly afflict military veterans.

Meanwhile in May, bipartisan congressional lawmakers asked the VA head to meet with them to discuss ways to provide access to psychedelic medicine for military veterans.

In a letter sent to Collins, Reps. Lou Correa (D-CA) and Jack Bergman (R-MI)—co-chairs of the Congressional Psychedelic Advancing Therapies (PATH) Caucus—said they were “encouraged by your recent remarks about the importance of pursuing research into psychedelic treatments and other alternative treatments to improve Veterans’ care.”

Correa and Bergman separately introduced a bill in April to provide $30 million in funding annually to establish psychedelics-focused “centers for excellence” at VA facilities, where veterans could receive novel treatment involving substances like psilocybin, MDMA and ibogaine.

Bergman has also expressed optimism about the prospects of advancing psychedelics reform under Trump, arguing that the administration’s efforts to cut spending and the federal workforce will give agencies “spines” to tackle such complex issues.

In December, VA separately announced that it’s providing $1.5 million in funding to study the efficacy of MDMA-assisted therapy for veterans with PTSD and alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Last year, VA’s Yehuda also touted an initial study the agency funded that produced “stunning and robust results” from its first-ever clinical trial into MDMA therapy.

In January, former VA Under Secretary for Health Shereef Elnahal said that it was “very encouraging” that Trump’s pick to have Kennedy lead HHS has supported psychedelics reform. And he hoped to work with him on the issue if he stayed on for the next administration, but that didn’t pan out.

Photo courtesy of Pretty Drugthings on Unsplash.

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Massachusetts Auditor Notes ‘Violations’ and ‘Mismanagement’ At Cannabis Control Commission

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Massachusetts Auditor Diana DiZoglio last week released an audit of the state’s Cannabis Control Commission (CCC), claiming to have uncovered violations and mismanagement issues at the commission, NBC Boston reports.

The audit found that officials “failed to take appropriate steps and institute procedures” to guarantee the administering of cannabis industry license extensions, and that a “lack of supervision and minimal accountability over licensing staff members” helped contribute to the breakdown.

“CCC’s mismanagement of prorated fees for license extensions resulted in procedural inequity, revenue loss, and noncompliance with state regulations.” — Excerpt from the audit summary

The commission said it has “been working closely with the State Auditor’s Office for almost a year and will review the report released today in furtherance of our shared commitment to government improvement. Over the course of the audit period and since, the Commission has hired key leaders, made progress to address many of the issues referenced, and begun to move forward in a constructive way.”

The report was released hours after the commission voted unanimously to reinstate the license of Assured Testing, a testing lab accused of failing to report thousands of contaminated cannabis samples, the report said. The commission issued penalties against the lab, including a $300,000 fine and two years of probation. Additionally, the lab — which has publicly disagreed with the findings but says it will honor the commission’s terms for reinstatement — will have to hire an independent auditor, an internal control manager, and a new interim CEO.

“We are eager to return to what we do best: delivering scientific, evidence-backed testing with industry-leading cannabis expertise,” Assured Testing said in a statement.



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Supreme Court Gives Marijuana Companies More Time To File Petition In Case Challenging Federal Prohibition

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The U.S. Supreme Court has granted a request to give marijuana companies suing the Justice Department in an effort to overturn federal prohibition two more months to file their petition with the justices.

Lawyers for the cannabis firms said the extension was needed due to the “significant and complex constitutional issues” that are being raised in the case, as well as the fact that state governments and other experts who plan to file support briefs need more time to “carefully craft their arguments.”

The prominent litigation firm Boies Schiller Flexner LLP that’s representing the companies—Canna Provisions, Gyasi Sellers, Wiseacre Farm and Verano Holdings—entered a request for a 60-day extension to submit its writ of certiorari last week. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson approved the proposal on Friday, pushing back the current deadline of August 25 to October 24.

The companies’ request noted that counsel for the Office of the Solicitor General don’t oppose the extension.

The brief gave three reasons for the request: 1) the lead attorney on the case, David Boies, is “heavily engaged in previously scheduled matters” before other federal courts, 2) several experts who expressed interest in supporting their lawsuit with amicus briefs have said they need more time and 3) the case involves complex legal issues that require more in-depth consideration.

“This case presents significant and complex constitutional issues concerning both state-regulated marijuana specifically and the authority of Congress to regulate purely intrastate commerce generally,” the filing says. “The additional time will permit counsel to prepare a petition that appropriately addresses the questions of nationwide importance raised by this case.”

That includes “the question of whether [Gonzales v. Raich] was correctly decided,” it says, referencing a landmark 2005 Supreme Court ruling, wherein justices narrowly determined that the federal government could enforce prohibition against cannabis cultivation that took place wholly within California based on Congress’s authority to regulate interstate commerce.

With respect to future amicus briefs the applicants are expecting, they said “counsel have heard from law professors, non-profits, state governments, and others interested in submitting amicus briefs in these proceedings, and several of these potential amici have expressed concern about having sufficient time to prepare over the summer.”

“An extension will provide potential amici adequate time to consider the case and carefully craft their arguments,” the filing says.

This comes about three months after a U.S. appeals court rejected the arguments of the state-legal cannabis companies, one the latest blow to the high-profile lawsuit following a lower court’s dismissal of the claims. But it’s widely understood that the plaintiffs’ legal team has long intended the matter to end up before the nine justices.

“It’s fair to assume that we shall seek Supreme Court review,” attorney Jonathan Schiller told Marijuana Moment in June.

The latest filing concludes by saying respondents “will not suffer any prejudice from the requested extension,” and because “the First Circuit affirmed the dismissal of Applicants’ claims, a brief extension will not in any way alter the status quo of this case.”

While it remains to be seen whether the high court will ultimately take the case, one sign that at least some on court might be interested in the appeal is a 2021 statement from Justice Clarence Thomas, issued as the court denied review of a separate dispute involving a Colorado medical marijuana dispensary.

Thomas’s comments seemed to suggest that it’d be appropriate revisit Raich—a move that could largely upend federal prohibition.

The statement pointed to policy developments since the earlier case was decided, such as the hands-off enforcement approach taken by the Department of Justice as more states legalized cannabis and a congressional budget rider protecting state-legal medical marijuana programs.

“Whatever the merits of Raich when it was decided, federal policies of the past 16 years have greatly undermined its reasoning,” Thomas wrote, describing the government’s approach to cannabis enforcement as “a half-in, half-out regime that simultaneously tolerates and forbids local use of marijuana.”

“Though federal law still flatly forbids the intrastate possession, cultivation, or distribution of marijuana…the Government, post-Raich, has sent mixed signals on its views,” the justice continued, saying the situation “strains basic principles of federalism and conceals traps for the unwary.”

Once plaintiffs in the case at hand file their forthcoming petition for a writ of certiorari, it would need needs the votes of four justices to put the case before the Supreme Court.

The initial complaint, filed in U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, argued that government’s ongoing prohibition on marijuana under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was unconstitutional because Congress in recent decades had “dropped any assumption that federal control of state-regulated marijuana is necessary.”

At oral argument on appeal late last year, Boies told judges that under the Constitution, Congress can only regulate commercial activity within a state—in this case, around marijuana—if the failure to regulate that in-state activity “would substantially interfere [with] or undermine legitimate congressional regulation of interstate commerce.”

Judges, however, said they were “unpersuaded,” ruling in last month’s opinion that “the CSA remains fully intact as to the regulation of the commercial activity involving marijuana for non-medical purposes, which is the activity in which the appellants, by their own account, are engaged.”

The district court, meanwhile, said in the case that while the there are “persuasive reasons for a reexamination” of the current scheduling of cannabis, its hands were effectively tied by past U.S. Supreme Court precedent in Raich.

Meanwhile, amid a series of legal challenges, the Trump administration recently asked the Supreme Court to take up a case on the federal government’s ban on users of marijuana and other illegal drugs from owning firearms and uphold the prohibition, saying it is consistent with the Second Amendment.

Separately at the federal level, a pending Biden-era recommendation to reschedule marijuana to the less restrictive Schedule III of the CSA is remains stalled.

The MAGA world is divided on how it wants President Donald Trump to come down on that proposal, with key right-wing influencers voicing conflicting positions on the issue after the president announced an imminent decision last week.

While Trump endorsed moving marijuana to Schedule III during last year’s presidential campaign—along with cannabis industry banking access and a Florida legalization ballot initiative that ultimately fell short—last week he merely said he is considering the issue, with a decision expected within weeks.

The overall bipartisanship of the issue, however, was also reflected in recent comments from one Democratic and one Republican member of Congress, who urged Trump to federally reschedule marijuana.

A new political committee that shares the same treasurer as Trump’s own super PAC is also pushing the president to follow through on rescheduling marijuana, releasing an ad that highlights his previous endorsement of the reform on the campaign trail.

Photo elements courtesy of rawpixel and Philip Steffan.

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Canopy USA Appoints New Executive Team to Accelerate Growth

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[PRESS RELEASE] – BOULDER, Colo., Aug. 18, 2025 – Canopy USA LLC, a brand-driven organization strategically positioned across the fastest-growing states and highest potential segments of the U.S. cannabis market, announced the appointment of a new executive team responsible for driving the company’s next phase of expansion.

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Drawing on extensive industry experience, these leaders will steer Canopy USA forward through a shared vision to elevate the company’s brand portfolio, enhance day-to-day operations and execution, and advance growth initiatives across multiple state markets.

  • Casey Rashchief financial officer, will oversee centralized functions including finance, human resources and IT. Rash brings deep expertise in regulated industries and a strategic approach to driving organizational scale and efficiency.
  • Rebecca Kirkchief operating officer, will lead the company’s operations, innovation and legal teams. Known for building scalable systems and launching category-leading products, Kirk will play a critical role in driving Canopy USA’s performance across its value chain.
  • Kelly Floreschief business development officer, will be responsible for marketing, market expansion and product strategy. With a proven track record in cannabis commercialization, Flores will guide brand development and strategic growth initiatives in both existing and emerging state markets.

“These leadership appointments mark the start of a plan to capture growth in the U.S. cannabis market,” Canopy USA President Brooks Jorgensen said. “Within the best of each Acreage, Jetty and Wana, we’ve been aligning systems, teams and processes across markets to create a scalable, efficient organization. With our leadership team now in place, we’re moving forward with purpose.”

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Canopy USA’s platform is built to deliver consistent quality, innovative products and trusted brands to consumers and retail partners nationwide. By combining deep market expertise with a focus on execution, the company aims to set the standard for growth and leadership in the evolving U.S. cannabis industry.



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