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NORML Op-Ed: Debunking Cannabis Potency Myths

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a legal cannabis joint rests atop a cannabis flower

From the onset of marijuana prohibition, criminalization advocates sought to advance their agenda — an unduly influence to the public — by sensationalizing the supposed strength of cannabis. 

In the 1930s, while lobbying for the first-ever federal ban on cannabis, Bureau of Narcotics Commissioner Harry Anslinger alleged that the marijuana of a century ago was so uniquely potent that it was “entirely the monster Hyde, the harmful effect of which cannot be measured.”

Since then, legalization opponents have repeatedly alleged that cannabis’ potency has exponentially grown stronger. Testifying before Congress in 1996, then-Sen. Joe Biden opined that the potency of 1990s weed was unlike anything America had ever seen. “It’s like comparing buckshot in a shotgun shell to a laser-guided missile,” he said.

Modern day prohibitionists continue to engage in this same rhetorical tactic.

Let’s set the record straight. First, the availability of higher potency cannabis products is not a phenomenon unique to today’s state-legal markets. In fact, more potent products like hashish have always been publicly available. 

Typically, when consumers encounter higher strength marijuana, they ingest lesser quantities of it. This self-regulatory process is known as self-titration.

Second, higher potency marijuana products do not dominate state-legal markets. In fact, retail sales records from legal states show that most consumers tend to prefer and gravitate toward lesser strength products. 

Third, unlike alcohol (which is readily available in a variety of potencies, including highly-potent formulations like grain alcohol and absinthe), THC is incapable of causing lethal overdose — regardless of its potency or the quantity consumed. 

That’s not to say that cannabis products cannot be over-consumed. They can. But in such instances, consumers typically experience only temporary dysphoria (commonly referred to as a panic attack) — the effects of which dissipate within a few hours. (By contrast, alcohol overconsumption is associated with some 2,200 overdose deaths annually.) 

Nonetheless, in order to discourage overconsumption, most states regulate certain cannabis products, like edibles, to single serving sizes. All legal states require that products’ potencies appear on their labels so consumers can make informed decisions prior to consuming them. 

In some instances, overexposure to higher strength products might induce temporary psychotic-like symptoms. However, such incidents are exceedingly rare and are typically exclusive to those who are either predisposed to or have a preexisting psychiatric disorder. (Notably, exposure to high-potency alcohol also triggers psychosis in certain consumers.) 

Specifically, an exhaustive study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association determined that “state medical and recreational cannabis policies were not associated with a statistically significant increase in rates of psychosis-related health outcomes.”

Overall, most Americans are happy with cannabis legalization. Thirteen years into states’ marijuana legalization experiment, public support for making marijuana legal nationwide has never been higher. To date, 24 states have legalized the adult-use market. None of these states have everrepealed their legalization laws. That’s because these policies are working largely as voters and politicians intended — and because they are preferable to cannabis criminalization.

Ultimately, any potential harms associated with cannabis are best mitigated by a policy of legalization, regulation and education. They are only exacerbated by criminalization, sensationalism and stigmatization.

A version of this op-ed was initially published in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.



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Tilray Brands Subsidiary is First Company in Italy Approved to Distribute Medical Cannabis Flower

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FL Group, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tilray Brands Inc., has become the first company in Italy to receive government approval to distribute medical cannabis flower. The products are set to be available this month in pharmacies throughout the country.  

In a statement, Denise Faltischek, chief strategy officer and head of International at Tilray Brands, said the “milestone underscores the vital role of medical cannabis as a therapeutic medicine for patients in need, supporting their health and well-being.” 

“We are proud to expand our medical cannabis portfolio in Italy with the introduction of our Tilray Medical high-quality, EU-GMP certified medical cannabis products that uphold the highest standards in patient care,” Faltischek said. “We extend our gratitude to the Ministero della Salute (Italian Ministry of Health) for their trust in Tilray Medical and for providing the necessary regulatory framework to ensure access to safe, consistent and reliable cannabinoid-based therapies. Together, we are advancing health care and patient wellness through innovation and collaboration.” — Faltischek in a press release 

The three approved products include Tilray Medical’s Tilray THC 25%, Tilray THC 18%, and Tilray THC 9%/CBD 9%. 

Italy legalized medical cannabis in 2013 and initially relied on imported medical cannabis products; however, the Italian Army was later tasked with local cultivation at the Military Pharmaceutical Plant in Florence, which was criticized for producing low quality flower.  

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Michigan Cannabis Sales Fall, But Consumers Are Buying More at Dispensaries

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Adult-use cannabis sales totals in Michigan declined for a fourth consecutive month in May, according to state Cannabis Regulatory Agency (CRA) data outlined by the Detroit Metro Times. Between January and May, adult-use dispensaries in the state sold $1.31 billion worth of products, down from $1.34 billion from the same period last year. 

It marks the Michigan cannabis industry’s first year-over-year decline since adult-use sales began in the state in December 2019. 

The downturn is likely caused by oversupply – state data shows that dispensaries held more than 160,000 pounds of flower in April, up from 143,300 pounds the prior year – which is leading to lower prices for consumers. In May, the average price of an ounce of flower was $63, compared to $88 a year prior. When adult-use sales began in 2019, the average price for an ounce of flower was more than $500.  

In turn, consumers are buying more product at dispensaries. In May, retailers sold about 20% more flower, concentrates, vape cartridges, kief, edibles, and shake, despite reporting lower sales totals. 

In April, state lawmakers held a hearing about whether to impose a moratorium on new cannabis cultivators, during which Brian Hanna, director of the CRA, told the panel that without changes, the industry is “going to see consolidation.”    

“You’re going to see small businesses going out of business. You’re going to see bigger buying out smaller,” she said, according to a Metro Times report. “You’re going to see lesser variety. You’re going to see social equity businesses suffer along with those businesses.”  

However, under current state law, the CRA is required to issue licenses to applicants that meet the criteria, and lawmakers have not passed any moratorium.    

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Montana Gov. Vetoes Bill on Tribal Cannabis Agreements

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Montana Gov. Greg Gianforte (R) has vetoed a bill that would have allowed the state’s tribal nations and the governor’s office to establish compacts to legalize and regulate cannabis on individual reservations. In a letter to Speak of the House Brandon Ler (R) and Senate President Matt Regier (R), Gianforte described the legislation as “unnecessary and duplicative.” 

In May, Jeffry Stiffarm, president of the Fort Belknap Indian Community, sent a letter to Gianforte requesting that he veto the bill, saying it undermines “the sovereign rights” of the Tribe by “conditioning the exercise of tribal regulatory on state approval, mandating state control over cannabis licensing and revenue sharing, and imposing frameworks that treat tribes as subordinate entities rather than equal sovereign governments.”    

“We believe tribal-state compacts regarding cannabis, gaming, taxation, and other issues must be negotiated on a government-to-government basis, with voluntary participation and respect for tribal sovereignty at the forefront.” — Stiffarm in a letter to Gianforte  

Gianforte echoed sentiments outlined in Stiffarm’s letter, saying in addition to the state already having “over 400 agreements with Montana’s eight tribal nations addressing a broad scope of matters” – including cannabis regulation – he was concerned about the proposal’s “potential impact on tribal sovereignty and self-determination as well as the government-to-government relationship” between the state and tribal nations.  

The bill, Gianforte concluded, “may constrain the scope and flexibility of negotiations, introduce unnecessary bureaucratic hurdles, and impose State priorities on tribal nations,” and “interfere with the ability of both parties to engage in open, meaningful, and equal negotiations as sovereigns, potentially weakening cooperation and collaboration.” 

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