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10 Hard Truths Every Cannabis Breeder Learns

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Breeding cannabis is both art and science, a dance between instinct and data, between heritage and innovation. Every breeder who works with this plant adds a chapter to a story that stretches back thousands of years. But breeding the future requires more than crossing two trendy cultivars and hoping for magic. It demands intention, discipline, and respect for the plant.

Here are ten essential tips for breeders, whether you are just starting out or pushing the edge of genetics.

1. Create Your Own Breeding Lines

While it is perfectly fine to use other breeders’ work as a starting point, the end goal should always be to create your own lines. Every breeder stands on the shoulders of those who came before, but the difference between copying and breeding is intention.

Set clear goals for your program. Are you breeding for effect, resilience, or an entirely new terpene profile? Let those goals guide your selections and crosses. Over time, this process builds stability, direction, and your own recognizable style.

When you develop your own lines, you move from reproducing someone else’s vision to adding your own voice to the plant’s story. That builds credibility, identity, and legacy. Do not worry about competition; there is room for everyone in this scene. The more unique breeding voices we have, the richer and more resilient the future becomes.

2. Do Not Be Afraid of Anything

In Jiu-Jitsu, we say, you either win or you learn. The same principle applies to breeding. Failure is not defeat; it is data.

Do not be afraid of feminized genetics, autoflowers, polyploids, or long flowering cultivars. Do not fear science or other breeders’ information. Explore everything, and remember the golden rule: trust, but verify. Not every claim holds water, but every experiment teaches you something. The breeders who make breakthroughs are the ones willing to explore uncharted territory.

3. Take Detailed Notes

Your notebook is your most powerful breeding tool. Write down everything: parentage, germination rates, environments, harvest windows, resin traits, aroma changes, and effects.

Good records turn impressions into data and help you avoid repeating mistakes. More importantly, they create a legacy. If something ever happens to you, your work can continue because others will know what you were building. Breeding without notes is like writing a novel and burning every draft; you will never know what you missed.

4. Breed for Effect

Today’s market often rewards THC percentages and loud terpene profiles. But why did we all fall in love with this plant in the first place? It made us feel something.

Breeding for effect should always be one of your checkboxes. Ask: Does this cultivar create euphoria, relief, relaxation, energy, or focus? Flavor and aroma are important, but effect is the soul of the plant. A truly great cultivar does not just smell or test well; it changes the way people experience life.

5. Incorporate Diversity

Hybrid vigor, also called heterosis, thrives on diversity. Cross old school classics with new school hits, and you will often find vigor, resilience, and fresh expressions. Landrace and heirloom varieties may take more work, but they bring traits the modern gene pool desperately needs: unique cannabinoids, rare terpenes, and stress resilience.

Breeding only within the narrow range of popular cuts risks bottlenecking the gene pool. By incorporating diversity, you are not just creating novelty; you are building insurance for the future. The strongest breeding programs borrow from the past in order to move forward.

6. Preserve and Protect Your Work

Every breeder eventually learns this hard truth: a cultivar without backups is one harvest away from extinction.

Preservation is not glamorous, but it is the backbone of any serious program. Keep multiple forms of your genetics: seeds, clean mother stock, and tissue culture if possible. Label meticulously. Store seeds properly. A true breeder does not just grow cultivars; they build a library. And that library is what separates a one-hit wonder from a legacy.

7. Test Across Environments

A cultivar that thrives in one room might flop in another. That is why serious breeders test widely.

Geoclimatization means running genetics in multiple regions and climates. What falls short in Oregon might shine in Spain. What molds in Michigan might resist powdery mildew in California? The future of cannabis is global, and the best genetics will be the ones proven across different environments.

8. Develop Your Palate

The best breeders are students of nuance. To become one, you must collect as many data points as possible, not just through notes and lab results, but through your senses.

Pay attention to resin at week six compared to week nine. Track how the effects shift with early versus late harvests. Notice how vigor responds to different feeding regimens. Run the same cultivar multiple times and compare side by side. Each repetition sharpens your perception.

Numbers matter, but without repeated sensory context, they are just statistics. Like a sommelier who trains on thousands of wines, you must train your palate through immersion. Data plus observation is what is required to develop a solid palate.

9. Do Not Discount the Bag Seeds

Some of the most important discoveries in cannabis history came from bag seeds. Chemdog, one of the most influential cultivars of the last thirty years, was found in an ounce of smoke. That chance find went on to shape countless hybrids and anchor entire markets.

Bag seeds carry mystery, and with it, potential. While many may be unstable, dismissing them outright means closing the door to serendipity. If you have the patience to hunt, sometimes the next great cultivar is hiding in the bottom of a jar. And when you build on what you find, you turn chance into legacy.

10. Breed With Purpose, Not Just Profit

Profit keeps the lights on, but purpose lights the path. Ask yourself what your larger goal is. Are you preserving forgotten lines? Chasing new cannabinoids for medicine? Building plants that thrive in harsh climates?

The world does not need another hype cross. It needs breeders with vision. Purpose-driven breeding creates legacy. The next great cultivar may not just sell jars; it could preserve history, unlock medicine, or inspire the next generation.

Closing Thoughts

Breeding cannabis is patience, curiosity, and love translated into living genetics. It is more than numbers on a test or hype on a label. It is about shaping a future where cannabis is resilient, diverse, and deeply connected to why we loved it in the first place.

It is fine to start with other breeders’ work. That is where almost all of us begin. But the responsibility is to take those foundations and build something new. Leave behind your own lines, your own fingerprint, your own contribution to the future of cannabis.

Whether you are just starting out or already deep into the work, these ten tips are a reminder of why we breed. Not just for today, but for tomorrow.

This article is from an external, unpaid contributor. It does not represent High Times’ reporting and has not been edited for content or accuracy. 



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Feds provide anti-cannabis group a platform to bash legalization (Newsletter: September 15, 2025)

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DC marijuana expungement repeal advances in Congress; CA cannabis tax relief bill to gov; MA psychedelics vote; Study: Bongs don’t filter effectively

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/ TOP THINGS TO KNOW

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration provided a federally hosted platform for the prohibitionist organization Smart Approaches to Marijuana to claim that legalization does not diminish the illicit market and harms youth, despite data to the contrary.

The House Oversight and Government Reform Committee approved a bill to overturn a Washington, D.C. marijuana expungements law that was enacted by local officials in the nation’s capital.

The House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations & Accountability has scheduled a hearing about “how China is using marijuana to build a criminal network across America” for Thursday—though witnesses are currently unknown.

California lawmakers sent Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) a bill to pause a recently enacted tax hike on marijuana products, with the Assembly unanimously agreeing to the Senate’s amendments to the legislation.

The Massachusetts legislature’s Joint Committee on Mental Health, Substance Use and Recovery approved a bill to create a psychedelic therapy pilot program.

A new study comparing marijuana consumption methods found that “bong water does not seem to significantly filter out any compound from the smoke”—though the paper has now been withdrawn “because there may be a conflicting bureaucracy issue due to the location this research was performed.”

  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry “results from both the bong and joint smoke show similar smoke composition. No compounds between 5 to 350 g/mol were completely filtered by the bong water.”

The Rhode Island Cannabis Control Commission is now accepting applications for 24 new marijuana dispensary business licenses—with six reserved for social equity applicants and six reserved for worker-owned cooperatives.

The Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration reported that dispensaries have sold $193.1 million worth of medical cannabis products so far this year, putting the state on pace to set a new annual record.

/ FEDERAL

Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME) commended law enforcement officials for taking action against illegal marijuana grow operations.

The House bill to designate psychedelic therapy centers of excellence got one new cosponsor for a total of 13.

/ STATES

Nebraska Gov. Jim Pillen (R) signed revised medical cannabis regulations.

Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker (D) is considering an executive order to address intoxicating hemp products.

Texas’s lieutenant governor criticized Gov. Greg Abbott’s (R) hemp executive order.

New Jersey’s Senate president said he supports legalizing limited home cultivation of marijuana and the creation of a state bank to serve cannabis businesses.

California regulators announced a recall of marijuana products due to noncompliant packaging and labeling, and inability to verify they were manufactured using good manufacturing practices.

Nevada regulators sent a bulletin about marijuana products that failed microbials testing.

New York regulators reached an agreement with marijuana dispensaries facing potential closure under a zoning law dispute that will allow the businesses to continue operating for at least five months.

Delaware regulators launched a social equity financial assistance grant program for cannabis businesses.

Oregon regulators will hold an advisory meeting about changes to cannabis rules on Tuesday.


Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments.


Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access.

/ LOCAL

New York City’s mayor was filmed in a marijuana dispensary saying, “It smells good in here.”

The Boston, Massachusetts Cannabis Board will meet on Wednesday.

/ INTERNATIONAL

Colombian President Gustavo Petro said that if cocaine were legalized worldwide, “there would be no destruction of the Amazon rainforest.”

A Netherlands court ordered a cannabis cultivation company to address odor issues.

/ SCIENCE & HEALTH

A study of UK doctors found that 87 percent would be open to prescribing medical cannabis to manage chronic pain.

A study’s results “support the therapeutic potential of liposome-based co-delivery of CBD and [celecoxib] in [glioblastoma multiforme] therapy.”

/ ADVOCACY, OPINION & ANALYSIS

The chair of the Florida Democratic Party tweeted about an upcoming congressional hearing on Chinese involvement in illegal marijuana operations, saying, “Simple solution…legalize and regulate.”

/ BUSINESS

RISE Dispensary workers in York, Pennsylvania are on strike.

/ CULTURE

Bryan Cranston spoke about microdosing psilocybin for the first time.

Make sure to subscribe to get Marijuana Moment’s daily dispatch in your inbox.

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The Toking Traveler: Why Amsterdam Weed Is Mostly Boof

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You know those tequila shops in Mexico? The tourist traps in every major resort town that try to pass off random blends of grain spirits as the real-deal Holyfield blue agave tequila?

Yes, this may come as a shock to our audience, but if you have even the slightest sense of what defines a quality cannabis product, you may leave Amsterdam feeling a bit… hoodwinked. Bamboozled. Punk’d.

Firmly the mecca of cannabis since back in 1976, Amsterdam holds a special place in our stoner hearts because of their laissez-faire approach to recreational consumption. For many, a trip to their famed coffee shops was the first chance we had to legally get high. White Widow, AK-47, OG Kush…they seem to have all the classics, along with a laundry list of different Hazes (e.g, Amnesia Haze, a signature smoke of the Dutch).

On my most recent trip back in July, I stepped off the plane after a particularly hellish 20+ hour journey from LA to Istanbul before finally reaching Schiphol and beelined for The Bulldog, arguably the most famous coffee shop in existence. While I appreciated the conversations I had with other patrons and staff alike, including a gregarious German home grow enthusiast living on an isolated island in the Caribbean, only in town while on his way to Eastern Europe for “the REAL Dracula history tour, not the one you see in guides,” the caliber of social interaction doesn’t really make up for how subpar their cannabis is.

Imagine an OG Kush that doesn’t look like OG, doesn’t smell like OG, or even hit you like OG. Yeah, it’s even more of a gutpunch after you realize you dropped $18 on a single gram of it.

Do the Dutch simply not care about quality? Or perhaps they mix so much damn tobacco into their spliffs that it doesn’t matter?

In my travels, I met many locals who also bemoaned their city’s lack of quality. This all stems from the fact that the Dutch have adopted a “tolerance policy,” as while cannabis (and other substances) do remain federally illegal in the Netherlands, they’ve realized that attempting to regulate often does more harm than good. Who’d have thought?!?

While there is essentially zero enforcement around the use of “soft drugs”, such as cannabis and psilocybin truffles, the rest of the supply chain is a fragmented nightmare of backroom deals and questionable practices. Simply stated, it’s all illicit market product.

Their system is entirely built around rewarding the lowest cost of production, regardless of safety or standards. Any cannabis you’ll find in Amsterdam hasn’t been lab tested, meaning that harmful bacteria, pesticides, and who knows what else are likely present in your bag. They’re able to get away with it, as most of the tourists crawling the Red Light District will never return to that same shop. It’s designed to run efficiently and without accountability.

Case in point:

  • It is illegal to possess or use cannabis.
  • It is illegal to commercially grow cannabis.
  • It is legal for coffeeshops to sell you cannabis, but not for them to acquire that cannabis, so it “magically appears” for sale at each location.

Curious, eh? This is also why there is a very high probability that your coffee shop cannabis was grown on the top floor of a local high-rise apartment building by an organized criminal syndicate (and yes, they own/operate the rest of the space to provide cover). Your OG isn’t true OG because there are no repercussions if it’s not.

Now, the one exception where you can find true-to-strain cuts seems to be most of the Haze cultivars, as these are massively popular in Europe (and thus with locals) and known for being premium quality, so the bar is often a bit higher.

Fortunately, the times they are a-changin’ and even a craft rosin scene has started to develop in the city. I was personally blown away by the service I received at Boerejongens, a coffee shop that the headiest of locals kept endorsing. Outside of their shop, I was greeted by an employee in a sharp bowler hat and three-piece suit. These guys serve as de facto guardians of the neighborhood community, helping to ensure that anyone visiting doesn’t get too unruly. They’ll even help little old ladies cross the street or provide expert-level guidance to anyone lost, customer or otherwise. Inside the store, the “hipster barista” meme has been taken to wholly new levels, as there was a row of budtenders decked out in white butchers’ aprons, wielding giant butchers’ knives to chop up flower into your desired quantities. The Strawberry Haze at Boerejongens ran circles around everything else I procured, outside of a decent Blueberry Haze I found near Vondelpark.

Next time you’re ready to enjoy a toke as you navigate Amsterdam’s canals, do yourself a favor and avoid the touristy areas like the plague. The further you’re away from the Red Light District (and I’m sad to say, shops like The Bulldog), the closer you are to finding buds that won’t just scratch your itch but will truly impress you.

Photo by Jinsoo Choi on Unsplash



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Arkansas Medical Marijuana Sales Are On Track To Set A New Annual Record

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“A total of $1.5 billion has been spent on medical marijuana since the state’s first dispensary opened in May 2019.”

By Sonny Albarado, Arkansas Advocate

Arkansans spent $10 million more on medical marijuana so far this year than during the first eight months of 2024, putting the state on track to exceed a record set two years ago, according to the state finance department.

From January through August, Arkansans bought $193.1 million in medical marijuana products from the state’s dispensaries, compared with $182.5 million in the same period last year, according to a press release from the state Department of Finance and Administration.

“With daily sales averaging about $800,000 in 2025, we are on track to surpass the 2023 sales record of $283 million,” department spokesperson Scott Hardin said.

There has also been a significant year-to-year increase in the number of pounds of cannabis sold, Hardin said, with the 2025 total at 52,292 pounds.

The state collected $5.38 million in tax revenue from medical marijuana in July and August, bringing the total tax haul so far this year to $21.57 million.

Patients spent $24,262,201 in July, purchasing 6,721 pounds, and $24,647,170 in August, buying 6,778 pounds, according to the finance department.

Suite 443 in Hot Springs and Natural Relief Dispensary in Sherwood sold the most medical marijuana in both July and August, according to the press release. Suite 443 sold 1,419.6 pounds total for both months. Natural Relief sold 1,317.7 pounds over July and August.

“A total of $1.5 billion has been spent on medical marijuana since the state’s first dispensary opened in May 2019,” Hardin said.

The Arkansas Department of Health reports 109,060 active patient cards. The Medical Marijuana Commission has licensed 38 dispensaries but only 36 are operating, Hardin said. The license of one of the closed dispensaries was revoked by the state Alcoholic Beverage Control Board last year, and its owner’s appeal of the revocation remains before the courts.

This story was first published by Arkansas Advocate.

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