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California cannabis companies rely on diversification, vertical integration for survival

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An increasing number of California marijuana businesses – particularly retailers – have been forced to diversify their revenue streams or become vertically integrated, all in the name of cutting costs and staying afloat.

That’s according to Jerred Kiloh, the longtime owner of The Higher Path, one of a few hundred licensed cannabis shops in Los Angeles, but he’s been in the business since well before the regulated market launched to replace the medical gray market that had flourished for nearly two decades before it. Kiloh’s also the president of the United Cannabis Business Association, one of the state’s largest marijuana trade groups.

In the past few years, competition has gotten so fierce and costs have skyrocketed so much, with taxes eating away at profits to the point of total unsustainability, Kiloh said. He’s among many cannabis shops that have had to open secondary mainstream businesses in order to keep the dispensary operational.

“We’ve had to open up like three separate businesses that support The Higher Path just to stay open, because The Higher Path doesn’t make money,” Kiloh said. “I have a hemp store next door that sells like $60,000 a month in product, and I make more profit on that $60,000 a month in revenue than I do with $600,000 in revenue at The Higher Path.”

Kiloh noted that plenty of other companies have pursued similar cost-cutting strategies for years – ever since the state’s cannabis regulatory scheme was implemented in 2018.

“I have to have five or six other sources of income and other business models … to subsidize my losses at the retail side,” Kiloh said. “That’s what all these other businesses are doing. They’re finding other places to make money outside of the retail space, or they’re finding other businesses that utilize their customer base … to prop them up.”

“It’s survival,” he said.

That’s in stark contrast to the goals laid out by the original California licensing model, Kiloh noted. That framework offered state licenses for independent cannabis farmers of varying sizes and styles, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, delivery services, testing labs, even events. But that separation through the supply chain creates too much added cost for companies like his, Kiloh said. That forced many shops to either begin growing and packaging their own marijuana or turn back to the mainstream business world for financial support, as Kiloh has.

“If you vertically integrate, you can pay yourself 5% instead of someone else 15%, and then there’s incremental little bits of money that equal up to sustainability. Or at least less losses. That’s what everyone is having to do,” Kiloh said.

“The only way I’m still in business is I tripled the amount of vertical integration as a percentage of my revenue. I had to do that,” Kiloh said. “And what’s happening now is, brands are getting less and less shelf space, because retailers can’t afford to have a 50% profit margin. We need a 60%-65% profit margin, and the only way (is vertical integration).”

The market conditions have, in short, “isolated everyone to be independent,” Kiloh said.

“But nobody can be independently successful,” he lamented. “Unless you can operate at every level within vertical integration, which means, you have to be a marketer, a packager, a cultivator, everything across, a distributor, logistics, retail. If you don’t wear all those hats, you don’t have an opportunity to even survive, let alone thrive.”



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Nebraska medical cannabis regulations stall in legislative committee

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A Nebraska legislative committee voted 5-3 against advancing a bill designed to implement and regulate the state’s medical cannabis program, leaving legislators and advocates searching for alternative paths forward, according to the Nebraska Examiner.

The General Affairs Committee rejected Legislative Bill 677, sponsored by State Sen. Ben Hansen of Blair, during a Thursday vote where committee members declined to offer amendments to the legislation, the publication reported.

“I don’t want to shut all the doors right now, but some doors are closing, and they’re closing fast, and so we have to act,” Hansen told reporters after the vote, according to the Examiner.

Nebraska voters approved medical cannabis in November 2024, with residents legally permitted to possess up to 5 ounces with a healthcare practitioner’s recommendation since mid-December. However, the regulatory commission created by the ballot initiative lacks effective power and funding to regulate the industry.

Hansen described his legislation as “a must” for 2025 to prevent a “Wild West” scenario in the state’s cannabis market. The bill would have expanded regulatory structure through the Nebraska Medical Cannabis Commission and extended deadlines for regulations and licensing to allow more time for implementation, the Examiner noted.

Committee disagreements centered on proposed restrictions. A committee amendment would have prohibited smoking cannabis and the sale of flower or bud products while limiting qualified healthcare practitioners to physicians, osteopathic physicians, physician assistants or nurse practitioners who had treated patients for at least six months.

The amendment also would have limited qualifying conditions to 15 specific ailments including cancer, epilepsy, HIV/AIDS, and chronic pain lasting longer than six months.

State Sen. Bob Andersen of Sarpy County opposed allowing vaping due to concerns about youth drug use, while committee chair Rick Holdcroft suggested selling cannabis flower would be “a gateway toward recreational marijuana,” a claim Hansen “heavily disputed,” according to the Examiner.

Hansen now faces a difficult path forward, requiring at least 25 votes to pull the bill from committee and then needing 33 senators to advance it across three rounds of debate, regardless of filibuster attempts.

Crista Eggers, executive director of Nebraskans for Medical Marijuana, remained optimistic despite the setback.

“This will not be the end,” Eggers said, according to the outlet. “Giving up has never been an option. Being silenced has never been an option. It’s not over. It’s not done.”

The legislative impasse is further complicated by ongoing litigation. Former state senator John Kuehn has filed two lawsuits challenging the voter-approved provisions, with one appeal pending before the Nebraska Supreme Court. The state’s Attorney General is also trying to do something about the hemp question, akin to other states across the country.



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One of Las Vegas’ cannabis lounges closes its doors

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Nevada’s cannabis lounge experiment faces some expected growing pains, with one of just two state-licensed venues closing its doors after barely a year in business, according to the Las Vegas Weekly.

“The regulatory framework, compliance costs and product limitations just don’t support a sustainable business model,” said Thrive Cannabis managing partner Mitch Britten, who plans to convert the space into an event venue until regulations loosen up.

The closure leaves Planet 13’s Dazed Consumption Lounge as the only operational state-regulated cannabis lounge in Nevada. Dazed manager Blake Anderson estimates the venue attracts around 250 customers daily, primarily tourists. One other establishment, Sky High Lounge, has operated since 2019 on sovereign Las Vegas Paiute Tribe land exempt from state regulations.

Even with Nevada regulators conditionally approving 21 more lounge licenses, potential owners are struggling to meet the $200,000 liquid assets requirement – particularly social equity applicants from communities hit hardest by prohibition.

Recreational marijuana has been legal statewide since 2017, but public consumption remains prohibited. That’s created an obvious disconnect for the millions of tourists who visit Las Vegas annually but have nowhere legal to use the products they purchase. The state recorded roughly $829 million in taxable sales during the 2024 fiscal year.

“It always comes down to money, and it’s difficult to get a space if you can’t afford to buy a building. On top of that, getting insurance and finding a landowner who’s willing to lease to a cannabis business is a challenge in and of itself,” said Christopher LaPorte, whose consulting firm Reset Las Vegas helped launch Smoke and Mirrors, told Las Vegas Weekly.

Many think the key to future success lies in legislative changes that would allow lounges to integrate with food service and entertainment – playing to Las Vegas’s strengths as a hospitality innovator. In the meantime, the industry will continue to adapt and push forward.

“Things take time,” LaPorte said. “There’s a culture that we have to continue to embrace and a lot of education that we still have to do. But at the end of the day, tourists need a place to smoke, and that’s what these places are.”



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Psyence Group consolidates its shares

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Psyence Group Inc. (CSE: PSYG) told investors that it will be consolidating all of its issued and outstanding share capital on the basis of every 15 existing common shares into one new common share effective April 23, 2025 with a record date of April 23, 2025. As a result of the consolidation, the issued and outstanding shares will be reduced to approximately 9,387,695 on the effective date.

This is the second time a Psyence company has consolidated shares recently. In November, its Nasdaq-listed associate, Psyence Biomedical Ltd. (Nasdaq: PBM), implemented a 1-for-75 share consolidation as the psychedelics company worked to maintain its Nasdaq listing.

Psyence Group reported earnings in February when the company delivered a net loss of C$3 million and was reporting as a going concern. At the end of 2024, the company said it had not yet achieved profitable operations, has accumulated losses of C$48,982,320 since its inception.

Total assets at the end of 2024 were C$11,944,478 and comprised predominantly of: cash and cash equivalents of C$10,611,113, other receivables of C$159,808, investment in PsyLabs of C$1,071,981 and prepaids of C$68,243.

Still, the company is pushing ahead. Psyence told investors that it has historically secured financing through share issuances and convertible debentures, and it continues to explore funding opportunities to support its operations and strategic initiatives. “Based on these actions and
management’s expectations regarding future funding and operational developments, the company believes it will have sufficient resources to meet its obligations as they become due for at least the next twelve months,” it said in its last financial filing.

The company said it believes that the consolidation will position it with greater flexibility for the development of its business and the growth of the company.

 



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