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Tribal cannabis gaining ground in Minnesota as leaders navigate growth pains

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Minnesota’s legal cannabis rollout has given Native American tribes a head start, creating what some tribal members call a “model” approach, though the concept is not without challenges.

“We sort of look at Minnesota as like the ideal model of what we’d like to see happen,” said Rob Pero, founder of Canndigenous and the Indigenous Cannabis Industry Association (ICIA). “Tribes have every right to advance quicker than the state because they have civil regulatory authority.”

While Minnesota works through its adult-use cannabis rollout, several tribal nations are quickly establishing retail operations both on and off reservation lands. White Earth, Red Lake and Prairie Island are among those making significant moves in the market, tribal representatives noted.

“Tribes are starting to put locations across the state of Minnesota rather quickly,” Pero said, adding that tribes are implementing “longer term, 5- to 10-year business plans” rather than immediately distributing cannabis revenues to tribal members.

That rapid deployment, however, has catalyzed internal discussions within tribal communities about how cannabis profits should be allocated and who should benefit from the new enterprises.

“Community members, when they hear tribes are taking the enterprise or creating an enterprise to move forward as a wealth building engine, they’re expecting that wealth to come back in some cases probably rather quickly,” Pero said. “The disconnect between the community members and what they think the intent of revenue is supposed to go towards for long term sustainable growth of their communities” can create tensions.

A recent case involving Todd Thompson, a member of White Earth Band in Northern Minnesota, has highlighted those internal divisions. Thompson, who operated his own cannabis business, was raided this month by Mahnomen County law enforcement. To make matters worse, ICIA Executive Director Mary Jane Oatman alleged that “tribal law enforcement looked the other way while this raid took place.”

During the raid, Thompson told The Guardian, authorities “took my sacred items, my sage bowl, tipped it upside down on my bed, they took my feather and put it on the floor,” showing the cultural insensitivity that can accompany raids on dispensaries.

“(Thompson) finds himself now in a situation where his business is competing against tribal corporations, business resources, law; so, it’s a frustrating situation all the way around,” Oatman said. She advocates for tribes to “embrace opportunities for their tribal citizens to also be able to get a license and to participate.”

Oatman, whose grandparents went to federal prison for growing marijuana on the Nez Perce Reservation in Idaho when she was in elementary school, brings personal experience to her advocacy. As founder of the Indigenous Cannabis Coalition and Tribal Hemp and Cannabis magazine, she tracks tribal cannabis operations nationwide.

“I built out a whole database for it, like an entire tribal nation and operational database for who’s who and where they’re doing it. All of that with their codes, contacts, ordinances, because it needed to be done and nobody else was doing it,” Oatman said.

Oatman warned that the threat of outsiders looking to exploit tribal communities for business opportunities of all stripes – including cannabis – is very real, and something tribes must ward against.

“In my different communities that I work within, it’s not just cannabis, it’s solar, it’s geothermal – whatever is the fast get rich quick scheme or new emerging technology or industry, there is always going to be a shark coming into a tribal community to take advantage of them, 100% of the time,” she said.

Many tribes are hiring outside cannabis experts to launch their businesses as well.

“We’re getting a bunch of former CEOs or general managers from MSOs or operations in other legal states that are coming into new tribal markets and really moving the needle,” said Pero, who is a member of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians.

Tribes are taking different approaches to cannabis, Pero said. Some run businesses as tribal government enterprises, while others “on the East Coast are handing out licenses to tribal entrepreneurs and empowering their citizens to go create businesses.”

Pero believes tribal governments should keep some distance from day-to-day cannabis operations.

“The ideal situation is tribes compartmentalize. They create a commission, they create a business structure and then hire and provide that degree of separation so that business is reported to the cannabis commission board, which reports to the tribal government,” he said.

The ICIA plans to host a one-day public forum in Minnesota in May following the conclusion of the state’s legislative session. According to Oatman, this “post legislative tribal cannabis debriefing” will include tribal CEOs and allow for difficult questions to be addressed openly.

At the end of the day, cannabis also represents more than just a business opportunity for Native American communities. Pero explained that growing and selling cannabis gives tribes enterprises they can fully control, unlike many other economic development projects.

“Tribes that have established cannabis operations or any other alternative revenue generating industries that are outside of federal funding and gaming are confident, they’re feeling good about that,” Pero said, noting such independence is especially valuable given fluctuating federal policies.

For now, with Minnesota state license lotteries not expected until May or June, tribal operations are filling a market void, meaning they’re likely to turn a solid profit, at least in the short term before the market fills up.



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Nebraska medical cannabis regulations stall in legislative committee

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A Nebraska legislative committee voted 5-3 against advancing a bill designed to implement and regulate the state’s medical cannabis program, leaving legislators and advocates searching for alternative paths forward, according to the Nebraska Examiner.

The General Affairs Committee rejected Legislative Bill 677, sponsored by State Sen. Ben Hansen of Blair, during a Thursday vote where committee members declined to offer amendments to the legislation, the publication reported.

“I don’t want to shut all the doors right now, but some doors are closing, and they’re closing fast, and so we have to act,” Hansen told reporters after the vote, according to the Examiner.

Nebraska voters approved medical cannabis in November 2024, with residents legally permitted to possess up to 5 ounces with a healthcare practitioner’s recommendation since mid-December. However, the regulatory commission created by the ballot initiative lacks effective power and funding to regulate the industry.

Hansen described his legislation as “a must” for 2025 to prevent a “Wild West” scenario in the state’s cannabis market. The bill would have expanded regulatory structure through the Nebraska Medical Cannabis Commission and extended deadlines for regulations and licensing to allow more time for implementation, the Examiner noted.

Committee disagreements centered on proposed restrictions. A committee amendment would have prohibited smoking cannabis and the sale of flower or bud products while limiting qualified healthcare practitioners to physicians, osteopathic physicians, physician assistants or nurse practitioners who had treated patients for at least six months.

The amendment also would have limited qualifying conditions to 15 specific ailments including cancer, epilepsy, HIV/AIDS, and chronic pain lasting longer than six months.

State Sen. Bob Andersen of Sarpy County opposed allowing vaping due to concerns about youth drug use, while committee chair Rick Holdcroft suggested selling cannabis flower would be “a gateway toward recreational marijuana,” a claim Hansen “heavily disputed,” according to the Examiner.

Hansen now faces a difficult path forward, requiring at least 25 votes to pull the bill from committee and then needing 33 senators to advance it across three rounds of debate, regardless of filibuster attempts.

Crista Eggers, executive director of Nebraskans for Medical Marijuana, remained optimistic despite the setback.

“This will not be the end,” Eggers said, according to the outlet. “Giving up has never been an option. Being silenced has never been an option. It’s not over. It’s not done.”

The legislative impasse is further complicated by ongoing litigation. Former state senator John Kuehn has filed two lawsuits challenging the voter-approved provisions, with one appeal pending before the Nebraska Supreme Court. The state’s Attorney General is also trying to do something about the hemp question, akin to other states across the country.



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One of Las Vegas’ cannabis lounges closes its doors

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Nevada’s cannabis lounge experiment faces some expected growing pains, with one of just two state-licensed venues closing its doors after barely a year in business, according to the Las Vegas Weekly.

“The regulatory framework, compliance costs and product limitations just don’t support a sustainable business model,” said Thrive Cannabis managing partner Mitch Britten, who plans to convert the space into an event venue until regulations loosen up.

The closure leaves Planet 13’s Dazed Consumption Lounge as the only operational state-regulated cannabis lounge in Nevada. Dazed manager Blake Anderson estimates the venue attracts around 250 customers daily, primarily tourists. One other establishment, Sky High Lounge, has operated since 2019 on sovereign Las Vegas Paiute Tribe land exempt from state regulations.

Even with Nevada regulators conditionally approving 21 more lounge licenses, potential owners are struggling to meet the $200,000 liquid assets requirement – particularly social equity applicants from communities hit hardest by prohibition.

Recreational marijuana has been legal statewide since 2017, but public consumption remains prohibited. That’s created an obvious disconnect for the millions of tourists who visit Las Vegas annually but have nowhere legal to use the products they purchase. The state recorded roughly $829 million in taxable sales during the 2024 fiscal year.

“It always comes down to money, and it’s difficult to get a space if you can’t afford to buy a building. On top of that, getting insurance and finding a landowner who’s willing to lease to a cannabis business is a challenge in and of itself,” said Christopher LaPorte, whose consulting firm Reset Las Vegas helped launch Smoke and Mirrors, told Las Vegas Weekly.

Many think the key to future success lies in legislative changes that would allow lounges to integrate with food service and entertainment – playing to Las Vegas’s strengths as a hospitality innovator. In the meantime, the industry will continue to adapt and push forward.

“Things take time,” LaPorte said. “There’s a culture that we have to continue to embrace and a lot of education that we still have to do. But at the end of the day, tourists need a place to smoke, and that’s what these places are.”



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Psyence Group consolidates its shares

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Psyence Group Inc. (CSE: PSYG) told investors that it will be consolidating all of its issued and outstanding share capital on the basis of every 15 existing common shares into one new common share effective April 23, 2025 with a record date of April 23, 2025. As a result of the consolidation, the issued and outstanding shares will be reduced to approximately 9,387,695 on the effective date.

This is the second time a Psyence company has consolidated shares recently. In November, its Nasdaq-listed associate, Psyence Biomedical Ltd. (Nasdaq: PBM), implemented a 1-for-75 share consolidation as the psychedelics company worked to maintain its Nasdaq listing.

Psyence Group reported earnings in February when the company delivered a net loss of C$3 million and was reporting as a going concern. At the end of 2024, the company said it had not yet achieved profitable operations, has accumulated losses of C$48,982,320 since its inception.

Total assets at the end of 2024 were C$11,944,478 and comprised predominantly of: cash and cash equivalents of C$10,611,113, other receivables of C$159,808, investment in PsyLabs of C$1,071,981 and prepaids of C$68,243.

Still, the company is pushing ahead. Psyence told investors that it has historically secured financing through share issuances and convertible debentures, and it continues to explore funding opportunities to support its operations and strategic initiatives. “Based on these actions and
management’s expectations regarding future funding and operational developments, the company believes it will have sufficient resources to meet its obligations as they become due for at least the next twelve months,” it said in its last financial filing.

The company said it believes that the consolidation will position it with greater flexibility for the development of its business and the growth of the company.

 



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